feat: add TypeScript lessons and learning panel

- Introduced a new script to check TypeScript lesson files for errors.
- Created a main TypeScript file to render lessons and their details.
- Added lesson definitions with starter and answer codes.
- Implemented a user interface for navigating and running lessons.
- Styled the application with CSS for a better user experience.
- Updated README to reflect the new TypeScript section and usage instructions.

06-typescript/01-js-vs-ts/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# 练习 1：JavaScript 和 TypeScript 的差别
+
+## 目标
+
+理解 TypeScript 为什么能在写代码时提前发现类型问题。
+
+## 你要练什么
+
+- 参数类型
+- 返回值类型
+- 类型报错的意义
+
+## 任务
+
+- 观察 `add` 函数的类型标注
+- 看懂为什么 `add(1, "2")` 会在 TypeScript 里报错
+
+## 文件
+
+- [starter.ts](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/01-js-vs-ts/starter.ts)
+- [answer.ts](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/01-js-vs-ts/answer.ts)

06-typescript/01-js-vs-ts/answer.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+function add(a: number, b: number): number {
+  return a + b;
+}
+
+const result = add(1, 2);
+console.log(result);
+
+// const wrongResult = add(1, "2");
+// TypeScript 会在写代码阶段直接提示：
+// 第二个参数应该是 number，但这里传入了 string。

06-typescript/01-js-vs-ts/starter.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function add(a: number, b: number): number {
+  return a + b;
+}
+
+const result = add(1, 2);
+console.log(result);
+
+// 任务：
+// 1. 观察 add 的参数和返回值类型
+// 2. 尝试把下面这行取消注释，看看 TypeScript 为什么会报错
+// const wrongResult = add(1, "2");

06-typescript/02-basic-type-annotations/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# 练习 2：基本类型标注
+
+## 目标
+
+学会给最常见的值加上类型标注。
+
+## 你要练什么
+
+- `number`
+- `string`
+- `boolean`
+
+## 任务
+
+- 给年龄、姓名、付费状态加类型
+- 再输出一段清晰的学习信息
+
+## 文件
+
+- [starter.ts](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/02-basic-type-annotations/starter.ts)
+- [answer.ts](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/02-basic-type-annotations/answer.ts)

06-typescript/02-basic-type-annotations/answer.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+let age: number = 21;
+let userName: string = "林晨";
+let isPaid: boolean = true;
+
+console.log(`${userName} 今年 ${age} 岁，课程付费状态：${isPaid}`);

06-typescript/02-basic-type-annotations/starter.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+let age: number = 18;
+let userName: string = "Tom";
+let isPaid: boolean = true;
+
+// 任务：
+// 1. 修改上面的值，让它们更像一个学习者资料
+// 2. 输出一句完整信息

06-typescript/03-array-and-function-types/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# 练习 3：数组和函数类型
+
+## 目标
+
+学会给数组和函数写类型。
+
+## 你要练什么
+
+- `number[]`
+- 参数类型
+- 返回值类型
+
+## 任务
+
+- 定义一个数字数组
+- 写一个 `sum` 函数
+- 让它接收两个数字并返回数字结果
+
+## 文件
+
+- [starter.ts](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/03-array-and-function-types/starter.ts)
+- [answer.ts](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/03-array-and-function-types/answer.ts)

06-typescript/03-array-and-function-types/answer.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+const scoreList: number[] = [82, 90, 95];
+
+function sum(a: number, b: number): number {
+  return a + b;
+}
+
+const total = sum(88, 12);
+
+console.log(scoreList);
+console.log(total);

06-typescript/03-array-and-function-types/starter.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+const scoreList: number[] = [82, 90, 95];
+
+function sum(a: number, b: number): number {
+  // 返回两个数字之和
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// 任务：
+// 1. 改写 sum 的返回值
+// 2. 调用 sum
+// 3. 输出 scoreList 和 sum 结果

06-typescript/04-interface-object-shape/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# 练习 4：interface 描述对象结构
+
+## 目标
+
+学会用 `interface` 给对象建立结构约束。
+
+## 你要练什么
+
+- `interface`
+- 对象结构
+- 类型约束
+
+## 任务
+
+- 写一个 `User` 接口
+- 用它约束一个学习者对象
+- 输出对象中的关键信息
+
+## 文件
+
+- [starter.ts](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/04-interface-object-shape/starter.ts)
+- [answer.ts](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/04-interface-object-shape/answer.ts)

06-typescript/04-interface-object-shape/answer.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+interface User {
+  id: number;
+  name: string;
+  age: number;
+}
+
+const user: User = {
+  id: 1,
+  name: "林晨",
+  age: 21,
+};
+
+console.log(user.name);
+console.log(user.age);

06-typescript/04-interface-object-shape/starter.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+interface User {
+  id: number;
+  name: string;
+  age: number;
+}
+
+const user: User = {
+  id: 1,
+  name: "Tom",
+  age: 20,
+};
+
+// 任务：
+// 1. 把对象内容改成学习者资料
+// 2. 输出 name 和 age

06-typescript/05-generic-functions/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# 练习 5：泛型函数
+
+## 目标
+
+理解泛型是在保持输入输出类型一致。
+
+## 你要练什么
+
+- 泛型 `<T>`
+- 输入输出同类型
+
+## 任务
+
+- 写一个 `getData` 泛型函数
+- 传入什么类型，就返回什么类型
+- 分别用数字和字符串调用
+
+## 文件
+
+- [starter.ts](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/05-generic-functions/starter.ts)
+- [answer.ts](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/05-generic-functions/answer.ts)

06-typescript/05-generic-functions/answer.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+function getData<T>(data: T): T {
+  return data;
+}
+
+const numberResult = getData<number>(1);
+const stringResult = getData<string>("abc");
+
+console.log(numberResult);
+console.log(stringResult);

06-typescript/05-generic-functions/starter.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+function getData<T>(data: T): T {
+  // 返回 data
+  return data;
+}
+
+// 任务：
+// 1. 用 number 调用
+// 2. 用 string 调用
+// 3. 输出结果

06-typescript/06-union-and-optional-props/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# 练习 6：联合类型和可选属性
+
+## 目标
+
+学会处理不固定的数据结构。
+
+## 你要练什么
+
+- 联合类型
+- 可选属性
+- 接口扩展场景
+
+## 任务
+
+- 定义一个带可选年龄的 `User` 接口
+- 声明一个 `id`，它可以是数字或字符串
+- 分别创建有年龄和没有年龄的对象
+
+## 文件
+
+- [starter.ts](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/06-union-and-optional-props/starter.ts)
+- [answer.ts](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/06-union-and-optional-props/answer.ts)

06-typescript/06-union-and-optional-props/answer.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+let id: number | string = "user-1";
+
+interface User {
+  name: string;
+  age?: number;
+}
+
+const userA: User = {
+  name: "林晨",
+  age: 21,
+};
+
+const userB: User = {
+  name: "小周",
+};
+
+console.log(id);
+console.log(userA);
+console.log(userB);

06-typescript/06-union-and-optional-props/starter.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+let id: number | string = 1;
+
+interface User {
+  name: string;
+  age?: number;
+}
+
+// 任务：
+// 1. 把 id 改成字符串也试一次
+// 2. 创建一个带 age 的 userA
+// 3. 创建一个不带 age 的 userB
+// 4. 输出它们

06-typescript/07-type-safe-renderer/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# 练习 7：类型安全渲染
+
+## 目标
+
+把接口、数组和函数类型组合起来，处理一组结构化数据。
+
+## 你要练什么
+
+- `interface`
+- 数组类型
+- 函数返回值类型
+
+## 任务
+
+- 定义课程接口
+- 创建课程数组
+- 写一个渲染函数，返回字符串数组
+
+## 文件
+
+- [starter.ts](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/07-type-safe-renderer/starter.ts)
+- [answer.ts](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/07-type-safe-renderer/answer.ts)

06-typescript/07-type-safe-renderer/answer.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+interface Course {
+  title: string;
+  lessons: number;
+  finished: boolean;
+}
+
+const courses: Course[] = [
+  { title: "TypeScript 基础", lessons: 8, finished: true },
+  { title: "接口和泛型", lessons: 6, finished: false },
+];
+
+function renderCourseLines(list: Course[]): string[] {
+  return list.map((course) => {
+    const status = course.finished ? "已完成" : "学习中";
+    return `${course.title} - ${course.lessons} 节 - ${status}`;
+  });
+}
+
+console.log(renderCourseLines(courses));

06-typescript/07-type-safe-renderer/starter.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+interface Course {
+  title: string;
+  lessons: number;
+  finished: boolean;
+}
+
+const courses: Course[] = [
+  { title: "TypeScript 基础", lessons: 8, finished: true },
+  { title: "接口和泛型", lessons: 6, finished: false },
+];
+
+function renderCourseLines(list: Course[]): string[] {
+  // 返回渲染后的字符串数组
+  return [];
+}
+
+// 任务：
+// 1. 实现 renderCourseLines
+// 2. 输出结果

06-typescript/08-final-mini-app/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# 练习 8：综合小练习
+
+## 目标
+
+把基础类型、接口、泛型和联合类型组合起来，完成一个小型 TypeScript 数据模型。
+
+## 项目名称
+
+类型安全学习摘要
+
+## 任务
+
+请完成一个小程序，要求至少包含：
+
+- 一个 `Student` 接口
+- 一个课程数组类型
+- 一个联合类型字段
+- 一个泛型函数
+- 一个格式化输出函数
+
+## 文件
+
+- [starter.ts](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/08-final-mini-app/starter.ts)
+- [answer.ts](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/08-final-mini-app/answer.ts)

06-typescript/08-final-mini-app/answer.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+type StudentId = number | string;
+
+interface Course {
+  title: string;
+  finished: boolean;
+}
+
+interface Student {
+  id: StudentId;
+  name: string;
+  age?: number;
+  courses: Course[];
+}
+
+function pickFirst<T>(list: T[]): T {
+  return list[0];
+}
+
+function formatStudent(student: Student): string {
+  const courseCount = student.courses.length;
+  return `${student.name} 当前有 ${courseCount} 门课程，编号是 ${student.id}`;
+}
+
+const student: Student = {
+  id: "stu-1",
+  name: "林晨",
+  courses: [
+    { title: "基本类型", finished: true },
+    { title: "接口", finished: false },
+  ],
+};
+
+const firstCourse = pickFirst(student.courses);
+
+console.log(formatStudent(student));
+console.log(firstCourse);

06-typescript/08-final-mini-app/starter.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+type StudentId = number | string;
+
+interface Course {
+  title: string;
+  finished: boolean;
+}
+
+interface Student {
+  id: StudentId;
+  name: string;
+  age?: number;
+  courses: Course[];
+}
+
+function pickFirst<T>(list: T[]): T {
+  return list[0];
+}
+
+function formatStudent(student: Student): string {
+  // 返回一段摘要文字
+  return "";
+}
+
+const student: Student = {
+  id: "stu-1",
+  name: "林晨",
+  courses: [
+    { title: "基本类型", finished: true },
+    { title: "接口", finished: false },
+  ],
+};
+
+// 任务：
+// 1. 实现 formatStudent
+// 2. 用 pickFirst 取第一门课程
+// 3. 输出摘要和第一门课程

06-typescript/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+# TypeScript（类型系统）
+
+这部分只解决一个问题：你能不能在写代码阶段就让错误尽量提前暴露，而不是把问题留到运行时。
+
+## 学完后你应该掌握
+
+- TypeScript 和 JavaScript 的差别
+- 基本类型标注
+- 数组类型和函数参数/返回值类型
+- `interface` 描述对象结构
+- 泛型函数的基本写法
+- 联合类型和可选属性
+- 如何用类型约束一组业务数据
+- 如何把这些类型能力组合成一个小程序
+
+## TypeScript 是什么
+
+TypeScript 不是让程序“更能运行”，而是让程序“更不容易写错”。
+
+它回答的是：
+
+- 这个值应该是什么类型
+- 这个函数该接收什么参数
+- 这个对象应该有哪些字段
+- 一组数据之间的结构是否一致
+
+如果 JavaScript 更关注“能不能表达逻辑”，那么 TypeScript 更关注“表达出来的逻辑有没有类型保障”。
+
+## 必须建立的 5 个核心意识
+
+### 1. 类型信息是写给人和工具看的约束
+
+```ts
+function add(a: number, b: number): number {
+  return a + b;
+}
+```
+
+这段代码的重点不是语法更复杂，而是把“这个函数只能接收数字”说清楚了。
+
+### 2. TypeScript 的价值主要发生在运行前
+
+TypeScript 很多时候不是修复 bug，而是阻止 bug 被写进去。
+
+### 3. 对象结构要先约定，再使用
+
+当数据开始变复杂时，优先考虑用 `interface` 或类型别名描述结构。
+
+### 4. 泛型是在复用“结构能力”
+
+泛型不是高难技巧，它本质上是在说：
+
+- 这个函数可以处理很多类型
+- 但输入和输出之间的类型关系要保持一致
+
+### 5. 类型要服务于业务，不要为了类型而类型
+
+目标不是把代码写得最花，而是让代码更清晰、更稳。
+
+## 高频概念速记
+
+### 基本类型
+
+- `number`
+- `string`
+- `boolean`
+
+### 容器类型
+
+- `number[]`
+- `string[]`
+- `Array<T>`
+
+### 函数类型
+
+- 参数类型
+- 返回值类型
+
+### 对象结构
+
+- `interface`
+
+### 进阶类型
+
+- 泛型 `<T>`
+- 联合类型 `|`
+- 可选属性 `?`
+
+## 学习顺序
+
+1. JavaScript 和 TypeScript 的差别
+2. 基本类型标注
+3. 数组和函数类型
+4. `interface`
+5. 泛型
+6. 联合类型和可选属性
+7. 类型安全渲染
+8. 综合小练习
+
+## 练习目录
+
+- [01-js-vs-ts/README.md](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/01-js-vs-ts/README.md)
+- [02-basic-type-annotations/README.md](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/02-basic-type-annotations/README.md)
+- [03-array-and-function-types/README.md](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/03-array-and-function-types/README.md)
+- [04-interface-object-shape/README.md](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/04-interface-object-shape/README.md)
+- [05-generic-functions/README.md](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/05-generic-functions/README.md)
+- [06-union-and-optional-props/README.md](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/06-union-and-optional-props/README.md)
+- [07-type-safe-renderer/README.md](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/07-type-safe-renderer/README.md)
+- [08-final-mini-app/README.md](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/08-final-mini-app/README.md)
+
+## 过关标准
+
+如果你能独立做到下面这些，就说明这一章已经基本过关：
+
+- 能给基本值加类型标注
+- 能给数组和函数写正确类型
+- 能用 `interface` 描述对象结构
+- 能写一个简单泛型函数
+- 能理解联合类型和可选属性的使用场景
+- 能看懂 TypeScript 在写代码阶段提示的问题
+- 能把类型约束用到一个小型数据模型里
+
+## 学习建议
+
+- 先保证类型写对，再考虑写得更少
+- 报错时先看“期望类型”和“实际类型”分别是什么
+- 不确定对象结构时，先写接口再写数据
+- 遇到泛型不要先背定义，先看输入输出是不是保持同类关系
+
+## 运行调试
+
+这一章现在已经做成了 `Vite + TypeScript` 工程。
+
+它保留了原来的 8 个练习目录，同时新增了一个统一的学习面板，你可以在浏览器里切换章节、查看 `starter.ts`、查看 `answer.ts`，并直接看到示例输出。
+
+### 启动方式
+
+在 [06-typescript](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript) 目录执行：
+
+```bash
+npm install
+npm run dev
+```
+
+### 常用命令
+
+```bash
+npm run dev
+npm run build
+npm run preview
+npm run check
+npm run check:app
+npm run check:lessons
+```
+
+### 工程入口
+
+- 入口页面：[index.html](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/index.html)
+- 应用入口：[src/main.ts](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/src/main.ts)
+- 章节数据：[src/lessons.ts](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/src/lessons.ts)
+- 页面样式：[src/style.css](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/src/style.css)
+- 包管理配置：[package.json](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/package.json)
+- TypeScript 配置：[tsconfig.json](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/06-typescript/tsconfig.json)
+
+### 说明
+
+- `npm run check` 会先检查 `src/` 下的 Vite 入口代码，再逐个检查每个练习目录里的 `starter.ts` 和 `answer.ts`
+- `npm run check:app` 只检查 Vite 应用入口
+- `npm run check:lessons` 会按文件逐个检查 8 组练习，避免不同练习之间的全局变量互相污染
+- 原来的练习目录仍然保留，继续作为题目和答案素材使用

06-typescript/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="zh-CN">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <meta
+      name="viewport"
+      content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"
+    />
+    <title>TypeScript Learning Lab</title>
+  </head>
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+        "terser": "^5.16.0",
+        "tsx": "^4.8.1",
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+}

06-typescript/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
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+  "private": true,
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "type": "module",
+  "scripts": {
+    "dev": "vite",
+    "build": "vite build",
+    "preview": "vite preview",
+    "check": "tsc --noEmit -p ./tsconfig.json && node ./scripts/check-lessons.mjs",
+    "check:app": "tsc --noEmit -p ./tsconfig.json",
+    "check:lessons": "node ./scripts/check-lessons.mjs"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "typescript": "latest",
+    "vite": "latest"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "pnpm": "^10.32.1"
+  }
+}

06-typescript/pnpm-lock.yaml

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+
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+  excludeLinksFromLockfile: false
+
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+        version: 10.32.1
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+        version: 5.9.3
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+        version: 8.0.0
+
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+
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+
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+      '@rolldown/binding-linux-ppc64-gnu': 1.0.0-rc.9
+      '@rolldown/binding-linux-s390x-gnu': 1.0.0-rc.9
+      '@rolldown/binding-linux-x64-gnu': 1.0.0-rc.9
+      '@rolldown/binding-linux-x64-musl': 1.0.0-rc.9
+      '@rolldown/binding-openharmony-arm64': 1.0.0-rc.9
+      '@rolldown/binding-wasm32-wasi': 1.0.0-rc.9
+      '@rolldown/binding-win32-arm64-msvc': 1.0.0-rc.9
+      '@rolldown/binding-win32-x64-msvc': 1.0.0-rc.9
+
+  source-map-js@1.2.1: {}
+
+  tinyglobby@0.2.15:
+    dependencies:
+      fdir: 6.5.0(picomatch@4.0.3)
+      picomatch: 4.0.3
+
+  tslib@2.8.1:
+    optional: true
+
+  typescript@5.9.3: {}
+
+  vite@8.0.0:
+    dependencies:
+      '@oxc-project/runtime': 0.115.0
+      lightningcss: 1.32.0
+      picomatch: 4.0.3
+      postcss: 8.5.8
+      rolldown: 1.0.0-rc.9
+      tinyglobby: 0.2.15
+    optionalDependencies:
+      fsevents: 2.3.3

06-typescript/scripts/check-lessons.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import { spawnSync } from "node:child_process";
+import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+
+const __filename = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const __dirname = path.dirname(__filename);
+const rootDir = path.resolve(__dirname, "..");
+const tscPath = path.join(rootDir, "node_modules", "typescript", "bin", "tsc");
+
+const lessonFiles = [
+  "01-js-vs-ts/starter.ts",
+  "01-js-vs-ts/answer.ts",
+  "02-basic-type-annotations/starter.ts",
+  "02-basic-type-annotations/answer.ts",
+  "03-array-and-function-types/starter.ts",
+  "03-array-and-function-types/answer.ts",
+  "04-interface-object-shape/starter.ts",
+  "04-interface-object-shape/answer.ts",
+  "05-generic-functions/starter.ts",
+  "05-generic-functions/answer.ts",
+  "06-union-and-optional-props/starter.ts",
+  "06-union-and-optional-props/answer.ts",
+  "07-type-safe-renderer/starter.ts",
+  "07-type-safe-renderer/answer.ts",
+  "08-final-mini-app/starter.ts",
+  "08-final-mini-app/answer.ts",
+];
+
+const sharedArgs = [
+  "--noEmit",
+  "--pretty",
+  "false",
+  "--target",
+  "ES2020",
+  "--module",
+  "ESNext",
+  "--moduleResolution",
+  "Bundler",
+  "--strict",
+  "--skipLibCheck",
+];
+
+for (const lessonFile of lessonFiles) {
+  const filePath = path.join(rootDir, lessonFile);
+
+  console.log(`Checking ${lessonFile}`);
+
+  const result = spawnSync(process.execPath, [tscPath, ...sharedArgs, filePath], {
+    cwd: rootDir,
+    stdio: "inherit",
+  });
+
+  if (result.status !== 0) {
+    process.exit(result.status ?? 1);
+  }
+}
+
+console.log("All lesson files passed TypeScript checks.");

06-typescript/src/lessons.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+import lesson01Starter from "../01-js-vs-ts/starter.ts?raw";
+import lesson01Answer from "../01-js-vs-ts/answer.ts?raw";
+import lesson02Starter from "../02-basic-type-annotations/starter.ts?raw";
+import lesson02Answer from "../02-basic-type-annotations/answer.ts?raw";
+import lesson03Starter from "../03-array-and-function-types/starter.ts?raw";
+import lesson03Answer from "../03-array-and-function-types/answer.ts?raw";
+import lesson04Starter from "../04-interface-object-shape/starter.ts?raw";
+import lesson04Answer from "../04-interface-object-shape/answer.ts?raw";
+import lesson05Starter from "../05-generic-functions/starter.ts?raw";
+import lesson05Answer from "../05-generic-functions/answer.ts?raw";
+import lesson06Starter from "../06-union-and-optional-props/starter.ts?raw";
+import lesson06Answer from "../06-union-and-optional-props/answer.ts?raw";
+import lesson07Starter from "../07-type-safe-renderer/starter.ts?raw";
+import lesson07Answer from "../07-type-safe-renderer/answer.ts?raw";
+import lesson08Starter from "../08-final-mini-app/starter.ts?raw";
+import lesson08Answer from "../08-final-mini-app/answer.ts?raw";
+
+export interface Lesson {
+  id: string;
+  title: string;
+  focus: string;
+  summary: string;
+  starterCode: string;
+  answerCode: string;
+  keyPoints: string[];
+  runDemo: () => string[];
+}
+
+function runLesson01(): string[] {
+  function add(a: number, b: number): number {
+    return a + b;
+  }
+
+  const result = add(1, 2);
+
+  return [
+    `add(1, 2) => ${result}`,
+    '如果写成 add(1, "2")，TypeScript 会在编码阶段报错。',
+  ];
+}
+
+function runLesson02(): string[] {
+  const age: number = 25;
+  const userName: string = "李青";
+  const isLearning: boolean = true;
+
+  return [
+    `age 的类型是 number，值为 ${age}`,
+    `userName 的类型是 string，值为 ${userName}`,
+    `isLearning 的类型是 boolean，值为 ${isLearning}`,
+  ];
+}
+
+function runLesson03(): string[] {
+  const scoreList: number[] = [82, 90, 95];
+
+  function sum(a: number, b: number): number {
+    return a + b;
+  }
+
+  const total = sum(88, 12);
+
+  return [
+    `scoreList => [${scoreList.join(", ")}]`,
+    `sum(88, 12) => ${total}`,
+  ];
+}
+
+function runLesson04(): string[] {
+  interface User {
+    id: number;
+    name: string;
+    age: number;
+  }
+
+  const user: User = {
+    id: 1,
+    name: "小王",
+    age: 22,
+  };
+
+  return [
+    `User.name => ${user.name}`,
+    `User.age => ${user.age}`,
+    "interface 让对象结构在写代码时就固定下来。",
+  ];
+}
+
+function runLesson05(): string[] {
+  function getData<T>(data: T): T {
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  const text = getData("hello");
+  const count = getData(100);
+
+  return [
+    `getData("hello") => ${text}`,
+    `getData(100) => ${count}`,
+    "泛型可以在复用函数时保留输入和输出的类型关系。",
+  ];
+}
+
+function runLesson06(): string[] {
+  type UserId = number | string;
+
+  interface Profile {
+    id: UserId;
+    name: string;
+    age?: number;
+  }
+
+  const profileA: Profile = {
+    id: 1,
+    name: "周周",
+  };
+
+  const profileB: Profile = {
+    id: "u-2",
+    name: "小林",
+    age: 24,
+  };
+
+  return [
+    `profileA.id => ${profileA.id}`,
+    `profileB.id => ${profileB.id}`,
+    `profileB.age => ${profileB.age}`,
+  ];
+}
+
+function runLesson07(): string[] {
+  interface Course {
+    title: string;
+    lessons: number;
+    finished: boolean;
+  }
+
+  const courses: Course[] = [
+    { title: "TypeScript 基础", lessons: 8, finished: true },
+    { title: "接口和泛型", lessons: 6, finished: false },
+  ];
+
+  function renderCourseLines(list: Course[]): string[] {
+    return list.map((course) => {
+      const status = course.finished ? "已完成" : "学习中";
+      return `${course.title} - ${course.lessons} 节 - ${status}`;
+    });
+  }
+
+  return renderCourseLines(courses);
+}
+
+function runLesson08(): string[] {
+  type StudentId = number | string;
+
+  interface Course {
+    title: string;
+    finished: boolean;
+  }
+
+  interface Student {
+    id: StudentId;
+    name: string;
+    age?: number;
+    courses: Course[];
+  }
+
+  function pickFirst<T>(list: T[]): T {
+    return list[0];
+  }
+
+  function formatStudent(student: Student): string {
+    const courseCount = student.courses.length;
+    return `${student.name} 当前有 ${courseCount} 门课程，编号是 ${student.id}`;
+  }
+
+  const student: Student = {
+    id: "stu-1",
+    name: "林晨",
+    courses: [
+      { title: "基本类型", finished: true },
+      { title: "接口", finished: false },
+    ],
+  };
+
+  const firstCourse = pickFirst(student.courses);
+
+  return [
+    formatStudent(student),
+    `第一门课程：${firstCourse.title}`,
+    `完成状态：${firstCourse.finished ? "已完成" : "学习中"}`,
+  ];
+}
+
+export const lessons: Lesson[] = [
+  {
+    id: "01",
+    title: "JavaScript vs TypeScript",
+    focus: "理解为什么要引入类型系统",
+    summary: "从一个最简单的加法函数开始，看 TypeScript 如何把错误提前到编码阶段。",
+    starterCode: lesson01Starter,
+    answerCode: lesson01Answer,
+    keyPoints: [
+      "TypeScript 在写代码阶段检查参数类型",
+      "运行前发现问题，比运行后排查问题更省成本",
+      "最常见的第一步就是给函数参数和返回值加类型",
+    ],
+    runDemo: runLesson01,
+  },
+  {
+    id: "02",
+    title: "基本类型标注",
+    focus: "number / string / boolean",
+    summary: "把最常见的值类型写清楚，建立最基础的类型意识。",
+    starterCode: lesson02Starter,
+    answerCode: lesson02Answer,
+    keyPoints: [
+      "基础值先学会标注类型",
+      "看到报错时先分清期望类型和实际类型",
+      "能写对基本类型后再往对象和函数走",
+    ],
+    runDemo: runLesson02,
+  },
+  {
+    id: "03",
+    title: "数组和函数类型",
+    focus: "number[] 与函数参数/返回值",
+    summary: "把类型从单个值扩展到数组和函数，是进入业务代码前必须过的一关。",
+    starterCode: lesson03Starter,
+    answerCode: lesson03Answer,
+    keyPoints: [
+      "数组里的元素类型要保持一致",
+      "函数参数和返回值都应该尽量明确",
+      "函数签名是 TypeScript 最高频的使用场景之一",
+    ],
+    runDemo: runLesson03,
+  },
+  {
+    id: "04",
+    title: "interface 对象结构",
+    focus: "用接口约束对象字段",
+    summary: "当数据结构开始变复杂时，先定义 shape，再写数据和逻辑。",
+    starterCode: lesson04Starter,
+    answerCode: lesson04Answer,
+    keyPoints: [
+      "对象字段越多，越应该先定义 interface",
+      "接口让团队协作时更容易知道一个对象该长什么样",
+      "字段缺失、字段类型不匹配都会更早暴露",
+    ],
+    runDemo: runLesson04,
+  },
+  {
+    id: "05",
+    title: "泛型函数",
+    focus: "保持输入输出的类型关系",
+    summary: "泛型的重点不是复杂，而是让复用函数在不同类型下依然安全。",
+    starterCode: lesson05Starter,
+    answerCode: lesson05Answer,
+    keyPoints: [
+      "泛型适合处理同类输入输出关系",
+      "输入是什么类型，输出就跟着保持什么类型",
+      "先理解例子，再去记住 <T> 这个写法",
+    ],
+    runDemo: runLesson05,
+  },
+  {
+    id: "06",
+    title: "联合类型和可选属性",
+    focus: "number | string 与 age?",
+    summary: "业务数据并不总是完全整齐，联合类型和可选属性就是为这种情况准备的。",
+    starterCode: lesson06Starter,
+    answerCode: lesson06Answer,
+    keyPoints: [
+      "联合类型描述多个合法输入分支",
+      "可选属性适合那些可能缺失的字段",
+      "真实业务里常常需要同时使用这两类能力",
+    ],
+    runDemo: runLesson06,
+  },
+  {
+    id: "07",
+    title: "类型安全渲染",
+    focus: "把接口用到列表渲染里",
+    summary: "进入接近真实业务的场景，用类型约束一组列表数据和渲染函数。",
+    starterCode: lesson07Starter,
+    answerCode: lesson07Answer,
+    keyPoints: [
+      "先定义 Course，再定义 Course[]",
+      "渲染函数应该接收明确的数据结构",
+      "数据结构一旦变化，相关代码会一起被提醒",
+    ],
+    runDemo: runLesson07,
+  },
+  {
+    id: "08",
+    title: "综合小练习",
+    focus: "把常见类型能力组合起来",
+    summary: "把联合类型、接口、可选属性和泛型组合起来，做一个完整的小示例。",
+    starterCode: lesson08Starter,
+    answerCode: lesson08Answer,
+    keyPoints: [
+      "综合练习的重点是把前面知识点串起来",
+      "能读懂数据模型，通常就能更稳地写业务代码",
+      "类型不是目的，减少错误和提升可维护性才是目的",
+    ],
+    runDemo: runLesson08,
+  },
+];

06-typescript/src/main.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+import "./style.css";
+import { lessons } from "./lessons";
+
+function getRequiredElement<T extends Element>(
+  selector: string,
+  parent: ParentNode = document,
+): T {
+  const element = parent.querySelector<T>(selector);
+
+  if (!element) {
+    throw new Error(`Required element was not found: ${selector}`);
+  }
+
+  return element;
+}
+
+const app = getRequiredElement<HTMLDivElement>("#app");
+
+app.innerHTML = `
+  <div class="shell">
+    <aside class="sidebar">
+      <div class="brand">
+        <p class="eyebrow">Vite + TypeScript</p>
+        <h1>TypeScript Learning Lab</h1>
+        <p class="intro">
+          保留原来的 8 个练习目录，同时给这一章补上一个可直接运行的学习面板。
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <nav class="lesson-nav" aria-label="TypeScript lessons"></nav>
+    </aside>
+    <main class="content">
+      <section class="hero card">
+        <p class="badge">06-typescript</p>
+        <h2 id="lesson-title"></h2>
+        <p id="lesson-focus" class="focus"></p>
+        <p id="lesson-summary" class="summary"></p>
+      </section>
+      <section class="grid">
+        <article class="card">
+          <div class="card-head">
+            <h3>知识点</h3>
+          </div>
+          <ul id="lesson-points" class="point-list"></ul>
+        </article>
+        <article class="card">
+          <div class="card-head">
+            <h3>运行结果</h3>
+            <button id="run-demo" class="run-button" type="button">运行演示</button>
+          </div>
+          <div id="lesson-output" class="output-panel"></div>
+        </article>
+      </section>
+      <section class="grid code-grid">
+        <article class="card code-card">
+          <div class="card-head">
+            <h3>Starter</h3>
+          </div>
+          <pre><code id="starter-code"></code></pre>
+        </article>
+        <article class="card code-card">
+          <div class="card-head">
+            <h3>Answer</h3>
+          </div>
+          <pre><code id="answer-code"></code></pre>
+        </article>
+      </section>
+    </main>
+  </div>
+`;
+
+const nav = getRequiredElement<HTMLElement>(".lesson-nav");
+const title = getRequiredElement<HTMLElement>("#lesson-title");
+const focus = getRequiredElement<HTMLElement>("#lesson-focus");
+const summary = getRequiredElement<HTMLElement>("#lesson-summary");
+const pointList = getRequiredElement<HTMLElement>("#lesson-points");
+const output = getRequiredElement<HTMLElement>("#lesson-output");
+const starterCode = getRequiredElement<HTMLElement>("#starter-code");
+const answerCode = getRequiredElement<HTMLElement>("#answer-code");
+const runButton = getRequiredElement<HTMLButtonElement>("#run-demo");
+
+let activeLessonId = lessons[0]?.id ?? "";
+
+function renderLessonList(): void {
+  nav.innerHTML = lessons
+    .map((lesson) => {
+      const isActive = lesson.id === activeLessonId;
+      return `
+        <button
+          class="lesson-link ${isActive ? "is-active" : ""}"
+          type="button"
+          data-id="${lesson.id}"
+        >
+          <span class="lesson-index">${lesson.id}</span>
+          <span class="lesson-meta">
+            <strong>${lesson.title}</strong>
+            <small>${lesson.focus}</small>
+          </span>
+        </button>
+      `;
+    })
+    .join("");
+}
+
+function renderOutput(lines: string[]): void {
+  output.innerHTML = lines
+    .map((line) => `<div class="output-line">${line}</div>`)
+    .join("");
+}
+
+function renderActiveLesson(): void {
+  const lesson = lessons.find((item) => item.id === activeLessonId);
+
+  if (!lesson) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  title.textContent = `${lesson.id}. ${lesson.title}`;
+  focus.textContent = lesson.focus;
+  summary.textContent = lesson.summary;
+  pointList.innerHTML = lesson.keyPoints
+    .map((item) => `<li>${item}</li>`)
+    .join("");
+  starterCode.textContent = lesson.starterCode;
+  answerCode.textContent = lesson.answerCode;
+  renderOutput(lesson.runDemo());
+  renderLessonList();
+}
+
+nav.addEventListener("click", (event) => {
+  const target = event.target as HTMLElement;
+  const button = target.closest<HTMLButtonElement>("[data-id]");
+
+  if (!button) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  activeLessonId = button.dataset.id ?? activeLessonId;
+  renderActiveLesson();
+});
+
+runButton.addEventListener("click", () => {
+  const lesson = lessons.find((item) => item.id === activeLessonId);
+
+  if (!lesson) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  renderOutput(lesson.runDemo());
+});
+
+renderActiveLesson();

06-typescript/src/style.css

@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+:root {
+  font-family: "IBM Plex Sans", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", sans-serif;
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  font-weight: 400;
+  color: #f7f4ec;
+  background:
+    radial-gradient(circle at top left, rgba(255, 191, 73, 0.22), transparent 24rem),
+    radial-gradient(circle at bottom right, rgba(86, 154, 255, 0.16), transparent 26rem),
+    #11131a;
+  font-synthesis: none;
+  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
+  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
+  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
+}
+
+* {
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+}
+
+body {
+  margin: 0;
+  min-width: 320px;
+  min-height: 100vh;
+}
+
+button,
+code,
+pre {
+  font: inherit;
+}
+
+#app {
+  min-height: 100vh;
+}
+
+.shell {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: 320px minmax(0, 1fr);
+  min-height: 100vh;
+}
+
+.sidebar {
+  padding: 28px 20px;
+  border-right: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
+  background: rgba(9, 10, 14, 0.62);
+  backdrop-filter: blur(18px);
+}
+
+.brand {
+  margin-bottom: 24px;
+}
+
+.eyebrow,
+.badge {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+  margin: 0 0 12px;
+  padding: 6px 10px;
+  border-radius: 999px;
+  background: rgba(255, 191, 73, 0.14);
+  color: #ffcc6a;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+}
+
+.brand h1 {
+  margin: 0 0 10px;
+  font-size: 28px;
+  line-height: 1.1;
+}
+
+.intro,
+.summary {
+  margin: 0;
+  color: rgba(247, 244, 236, 0.72);
+}
+
+.lesson-nav {
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 10px;
+}
+
+.lesson-link {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: flex-start;
+  gap: 12px;
+  width: 100%;
+  padding: 14px 12px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
+  border-radius: 18px;
+  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
+  color: inherit;
+  text-align: left;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition:
+    transform 180ms ease,
+    border-color 180ms ease,
+    background 180ms ease;
+}
+
+.lesson-link:hover,
+.lesson-link.is-active {
+  transform: translateY(-1px);
+  border-color: rgba(255, 191, 73, 0.42);
+  background: rgba(255, 191, 73, 0.1);
+}
+
+.lesson-index {
+  min-width: 40px;
+  padding: 8px 0;
+  border-radius: 12px;
+  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
+  text-align: center;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+
+.lesson-meta {
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 4px;
+}
+
+.lesson-meta small {
+  color: rgba(247, 244, 236, 0.64);
+}
+
+.content {
+  padding: 28px;
+}
+
+.hero {
+  margin-bottom: 20px;
+}
+
+.focus {
+  margin: 0 0 10px;
+  color: #ffcc6a;
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+
+.grid {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
+  gap: 20px;
+  margin-bottom: 20px;
+}
+
+.code-grid {
+  align-items: start;
+}
+
+.card {
+  padding: 20px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
+  border-radius: 28px;
+  background: rgba(15, 17, 24, 0.72);
+  box-shadow: 0 18px 48px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22);
+}
+
+.card-head {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  gap: 12px;
+  margin-bottom: 14px;
+}
+
+.card-head h3 {
+  margin: 0;
+  font-size: 18px;
+}
+
+.point-list {
+  margin: 0;
+  padding-left: 18px;
+  color: rgba(247, 244, 236, 0.84);
+}
+
+.point-list li + li {
+  margin-top: 10px;
+}
+
+.output-panel {
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 10px;
+}
+
+.output-line {
+  padding: 12px 14px;
+  border-radius: 16px;
+  background: rgba(86, 154, 255, 0.12);
+  color: #d8e9ff;
+}
+
+.run-button {
+  padding: 10px 14px;
+  border: 0;
+  border-radius: 999px;
+  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffbf49, #ff8f48);
+  color: #1d1302;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.code-card pre {
+  overflow: auto;
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 18px;
+  border-radius: 20px;
+  background: #0b0d12;
+}
+
+.code-card code {
+  font-family: "JetBrains Mono", "SFMono-Regular", monospace;
+  font-size: 13px;
+  white-space: pre;
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 960px) {
+  .shell {
+    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
+  }
+
+  .sidebar {
+    border-right: 0;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
+  }
+
+  .grid {
+    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
+  }
+
+  .content {
+    padding: 20px;
+  }
+}

06-typescript/src/vite-env.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/// <reference types="vite/client" />

06-typescript/tsconfig.json

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2020",
+    "useDefineForClassFields": true,
+    "module": "ESNext",
+    "lib": ["ES2020", "DOM", "DOM.Iterable"],
+    "moduleResolution": "Bundler",
+    "types": ["vite/client"],
+    "resolveJsonModule": true,
+    "isolatedModules": true,
+    "strict": true,
+    "noEmit": true,
+    "skipLibCheck": true
+  },
+  "include": ["./src/**/*.ts", "./src/**/*.d.ts"]
+}