feat: Add JavaScript core exercises and solutions

- Implemented exercises for array high-order methods, memory and execution, switch statements, and final review.
- Added starter and answer files for each exercise to facilitate learning.
- Created a runner HTML file to execute JavaScript code and display console outputs.
- Updated README files to include exercise objectives, tasks, and usage instructions.

03-javascript-core/13-array-high-order-methods/README.md

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+# 练习 13：数组高阶函数
+
+## 目标
+
+学会使用数组高阶函数处理一组数据。
+
+## 你要练什么
+
+- `map()`
+- `filter()`
+- `reduce()`
+- `find()`
+- `some()`
+- `every()`
+
+## 任务
+
+请完成一个“学习成绩分析”脚本，要求：
+
+- 用 `map` 生成带单位的新数组
+- 用 `filter` 找出及格成绩
+- 用 `reduce` 计算总分
+- 用 `find` 找出第一条大于等于 90 的成绩
+- 用 `some` 判断是否有人不及格
+- 用 `every` 判断是否全部完成考试
+
+## 文件
+
+- [starter.js](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/03-javascript-core/13-array-high-order-methods/starter.js)
+- [answer.js](/Users/lijiaqing/home/wwwroot/front-end-example/03-javascript-core/13-array-high-order-methods/answer.js)

03-javascript-core/13-array-high-order-methods/answer.js

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+const scores = [58, 76, 91, 84];
+const students = [
+  { name: "小周", finished: true },
+  { name: "小林", finished: true },
+  { name: "小陈", finished: false },
+];
+
+const scoreLabels = scores.map(function (score) {
+  return `${score}分`;
+});
+
+const passedScores = scores.filter(function (score) {
+  return score >= 60;
+});
+
+const totalScore = scores.reduce(function (total, score) {
+  return total + score;
+}, 0);
+
+const topScore = scores.find(function (score) {
+  return score >= 90;
+});
+
+const hasFailedScore = scores.some(function (score) {
+  return score < 60;
+});
+
+const allFinished = students.every(function (student) {
+  return student.finished === true;
+});
+
+console.log("带单位成绩：", scoreLabels);
+console.log("及格成绩：", passedScores);
+console.log("总分：", totalScore);
+console.log("第一个 90 分以上：", topScore);
+console.log("是否存在不及格：", hasFailedScore);
+console.log("是否全部完成：", allFinished);

03-javascript-core/13-array-high-order-methods/starter.js

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+const scores = [58, 76, 91, 84];
+const students = [
+  { name: "小周", finished: true },
+  { name: "小林", finished: true },
+  { name: "小陈", finished: false },
+];
+
+// 任务：
+// 1. 用 map 生成 ["58分", ...]
+// 2. 用 filter 筛出及格分
+// 3. 用 reduce 计算总分
+// 4. 用 find 找到第一个 >= 90 的分数
+// 5. 用 some 判断是否存在不及格
+// 6. 用 every 判断 students 是否都 finished 为 true